This report by the International Pole and Line Foundation reviews and synthesises information on live baitfish fisheries for tuna pole-and-line fishing. It explores several elements of live baitfish fishery, including techniques used, locations and ecological characteristics of the key species targeted, baitlish desirability and supply and associated environmental and social impacts. Finally, it makes recommendations to reduce these impacts and to ensure that live baitfish fisheries are as sustainable and equitable as possible.