دانلود کتاب New Zealand Freshwater Fishes: an Historical and Ecological Biogeography

This book provides a synthesis of taxonomic and ecological information on New Zealand’s freshwater fish fauna. New Zealand has been isolated in the southwestern Pacific Ocean since it separated from Gondwana during the Cretaceous period, some 80 million years ago. This prolonged geological isolation, combined with the islands’ very vigorous geological history, impacted by oceanic submergence, tectonic activity, mountain building extreme volcanism, and great climatic variability, create a dynamic scenario within which the New Zealand biota, including its freshwater fishes, have evolved over millions of years. These impacts have contributed to a highly dynamic biological history with undoubted though little understood extinction and vigorous colonisation of the islands’ fresh water. One of the key elements for understanding the origins and derivations of this fish fauna is that in all groups some or all of the species are diadromous, customarily spending a significant phase of their lives at sea. This has no doubt contributed in an important way the fauna’s origins as well, there has been frequent loss of diadromous behaviours leading, to species that have abandoned their sea-migratory behaviours and which now complete their entire lives in fresh water. The distribution patterns reflect these changing habits, with diadromous species being broadly distributed but tending to be lowland in range, whereas the derived, non-diadromous species have narrower ranges, but are often found further inland and at high elevations. This book provides an ecological and historical synthesis of these divergent patterns across New Zealand’s geography and history.

New Zealand’s Distinctive and Well-Known Freshwater Fish Fauna....Pages 1-33
The Geographical Setting of New Zealand and Its Place in Global Geography....Pages 35-53
New Zealand’s Geological and Climatic History and Its Biogeographical Context....Pages 55-85
A Conceptual Basis for Biogeography....Pages 87-103
Some Essentials of Freshwater Fish Biogeography, Fish Life Histories, and the Place of Diadromy....Pages 105-134
Data Sources for the Present Study....Pages 135-149
Phylogenetic Lineages in the Fauna and the Evolution of Diadromy: A Broad Perspective....Pages 151-168
Galaxias and Gondwana....Pages 169-203
Broad-Scale, Macroecological Patterns, Ranges and Community Species Richness in the Fauna....Pages 205-240
Pattern and Process in the Distributions and Biogeography of New Zealand Freshwater Fishes: The Diadromous Species....Pages 241-256
Pattern and Process in the Distributions of Non-diadromous Species – 1: The Galaxias vulgaris Species Complex....Pages 257-280
Pattern and Process in the Distributions of Non-diadromous Species 2: The ‘Pencil-Galaxias’ Species Group....Pages 281-296
Pattern and Process in the Distributions of Non-diadromous Species 3: The Dune Lakes Galaxias....Pages 297-302
Distribution, History and Biogeography of the Neochanna Mudfishes....Pages 303-314
Distribution and Biogeography of the Non-diadromous Gobiomorphus Bullies....Pages 315-327
A Biogeographical Synthesis: 1. The Big Picture....Pages 329-337
Biogeographical Synthesis: 2. More Local Issues and Patterns....Pages 339-374
A Biogeographical Synthesis 3: Issues of Diadromy, Diversification and Dispersal....Pages 375-397
Some General Biogeographical Patterns in the Fish Fauna....Pages 399-423
A More Global Perspective and a Final Summation....Pages 425-440

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