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Eutrophication
is a problem which became widely
recognised by the scientific community in
the 1940s and 1950s. It raised public
concern, resulting in increased research
effort and expenditure on management
techniques through the 1960s and 1970s,
recognised as a distinct problem of water
pollution, though linked with the more
gross effects of organic pollution. In the
1980s it became less fashionable -
replaced in the public's eye and the
politician's purse by newer problems such
as acid rain. It remains however, one of
the biggest and most widespread problems
of fresh waters, particularly of lakes and
an increasing problem for estuaries and
coastal waters. It is one with which
almost all water scientists and engineers
in urbanised areas of the world have to
cope. Technical methods for the reversal
of eutrophication, such as nutrient
removal, have been developed and applied
successfully in some instances. They are
not widespread however, and where they are
feasible, they are often expensive and may
be politically difficult to implement. In
the last decade, attention has focussed
upon less expensive lake manipula tion
techniques, such as destratification and
biomanipulation, which aim to minimise
rather than elimininate the detrimental
effects of eutrophication. These are
becoming more widely applied. Prediction
of the potential problems in lakes and
catchments which have not yet suffered the
full effects of eutrophication is now
accurate enough to be of direct benefit to
river basin management.
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Table
of contents :
What is
eutrophication?....Pages 1-28
The nutrients causing eutrophication, and
their sources....Pages 29-59
The biochemical manifestations of
eutrophication....Pages 61-84
The biological effects of
eutrophication....Pages 85-149
The engineering, economic and social
effects of eutrophication....Pages 151-166
Prediction and modelling of the causes and
effects of eutrophication....Pages 167-214
The reduction of causes and the management
of effects of eutrophication....Pages
215-249
A case study in restoration: shallow
eutrophic lakes in the Norfolk
Broads....Pages 251-278
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