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درباره این کتاب:
Tilapia
culture is currently practised in 95
countries all over the world and the
number is expected to increase. This book
discusses in detail the principles and
practices of tilapia culture in the world.
It covers all the vital issues of farmed
tilapia including: the biology,
environmental requirements, semi-intensive
culture, intensive culture systems, feed
and feeding, reproduction and breeding,
spawning and larval rearing, stress and
diseases, harvesting and marketing and the
role of tilapia culture in rural
development. It also highlights and
presents the experiences of leading
countries in tilapia culture.
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Table
of contents :
1.1
Historical Review......Page 17 1.2.2
Aquaculture......Page 19 1.2.3 Major
producers......Page 21 1.2.4 Major
cultured species......Page 22 1.3 Tilapia
Production in Asia......Page 23 1.3.1
Major producers......Page 25 1.3.2 Major
cultured species......Page 28 1.4.1 Major
producers......Page 29 1.5.2 Major
cultured species......Page 33 1.7 Future
Potential......Page 36 1.8
Constraints......Page 40 2.2
Taxonomy......Page 41 2.4 Geographical
Distribution......Page 42 2.6.1
Introductions in Africa......Page 44 2.7
Feeding Habits......Page 45 2.8 Gut
Morphology......Page 48 2.9 Closing
Remarks......Page 49 3.2
Temperature......Page 50 3.3
Salinity......Page 54 3.4 Dissolved
Oxygen......Page 57 3.5.1
Ammonia......Page 58 3.6 pH......Page 59
3.7 Photoperiod......Page 60 3.8 Water
Turbidity......Page 61 3.9 Closing
Remarks......Page 62 4.2 An Overview of
Pond Fertilization......Page 63 4.3.1
Organic fertilizers......Page 64 4.3.3
Periphyton-based pond culture......Page 68
4.4.1 Rationale......Page 69 4.4.2 Timing
of supplemental feeding......Page 70 4.4.3
On-farm feed resources......Page 71 4.4.4
On-farm feed formulation and
preparation......Page 73 4.5
Polyculture......Page 75 4.6.1 Tilapia
culture in rice fields......Page 77 4.6.2
Animal–tilapia culture......Page 80 4.7
Economic Efficiency of Integrated
Culture......Page 83 4.8 Closing
Remarks......Page 84 5.2 Stocking
Density......Page 86 5.3.1 Stocking
density......Page 87 5.3.2 Water
exchange......Page 88 5.4 Cage
Culture......Page 91 5.4.2 Cage culture in
Asia......Page 92 5.4.3 Cage culture in
Africa......Page 96 5.4.5 Cage culture in
fertilized ponds and pond
effluents......Page 97 5.5 Tank and
Raceway Culture......Page 99 5.5.3 Water
exchange and flow rate......Page 100 5.5.4
Raceway culture......Page 101 5.6
Green-water Tank Culture......Page 103 5.7
Tilapia Culture in Recirculating
Systems......Page 104 5.8.2 Removal of
ammonia and nitrites......Page 106 5.8.3
Water discharge......Page 107 5.9 Tilapia
Production in Aquaponic Systems......Page
108 5.10 Closing Remarks......Page 110 6.2
Protein Requirements......Page 111 6.3
Amino Acid Requirements......Page 113
6.4.1 Animal protein sources......Page 114
6.4.2 Plant protein sources......Page 117
6.5 Economic Evaluation of Protein
Sources......Page 119 6.7.1 Essential
fatty acid (EFA) requirements......Page
120 6.8 Carbohydrate Utilization......Page
122 6.10 Mineral Requirements......Page
123 6.11 Feeding Regimes and
Practices......Page 126 6.12 Closing
Remarks......Page 127 7.2 Modes of
Reproduction......Page 128 7.3 Age and
Size at First Maturity......Page 129 7.4
Fecundity and Egg
Characteristics......Page 130 7.5.2
Stocking density and sex ratio......Page
132 7.5.4 Broodstock exchange......Page
133 7.6.1 Protein requirements......Page
134 7.6.2 Lipid requirements......Page 135
7.6.4 Feeding management......Page 136
7.7.2 Temperature......Page 137 7.7.3
Salinity......Page 138 7.7.4 Photoperiod
and light intensity......Page 139 7.7.5
Water level and exchange......Page 140
7.8.2 Hormonal sex reversal......Page 141
7.8.3 Hybridization......Page 147 7.9.1
Hatching systems......Page 148 7.9.2 Egg
hatching and yolk-sac absorption......Page
150 7.10.1 Stocking density......Page 151
7.10.2 Food and feeding regimes......Page
152 7.11 Closing Remarks......Page 153 8.2
Stress......Page 155 8.4.1 Protozoan
diseases......Page 156 8.4.2 Other
ciliates......Page 160 8.4.4 Sporozoan
diseases......Page 161 8.4.5 Metazoan
parasites......Page 162 8.5 Bacterial
Diseases......Page 164 8.5.1 Motile
Aeromonas septicaemia (MAS)......Page 165
8.5.2 Pseudomonas......Page 166 8.5.4
Streptococcosis......Page 167 8.5.5
Staphylococcosis......Page 168 8.5.7
Edwardsiellosis......Page 169 8.6.1
Saprolegniasis......Page 170 8.7 Viral
Diseases......Page 171 8.8.2 Nutritional
diseases......Page 172 8.8.3 Disorders
caused by pollutants......Page 173 8.9
Closing Remarks......Page 174 9.2
Harvesting......Page 176 9.3
Handling......Page 178 9.4.2
Filleting......Page 179 9.4.4
Radiation......Page 180 9.5.1 System
economics......Page 181 9.5.2 Risk
analysis......Page 182 9.6 Domestic
Markets......Page 183 9.7 Global
Markets......Page 184 9.7.1 The US
market......Page 186 9.8 Closing
Remarks......Page 190 10.1
Introduction......Page 192 10.2 Tilapia
and Rural Development......Page 194 10.3.1
The Philippines......Page 196 10.3.2
Thailand......Page 198 10.3.3
Bangladesh......Page 200 10.4 Tilapia and
Rural Development in Africa......Page 201
10.4.1 Tilapia and food security......Page
202 10.4.2 Aquaculture/agriculture
integration......Page 204 10.5 Tilapia and
Rural Development in Latin America and the
Caribbean......Page 205 10.6 Closing
Remarks......Page 207 11.2
Transgenesis......Page 208 11.2.1 Growth
enhancement......Page 209 11.2.3 Producing
pharmaceutical products......Page 210
11.3.1 Growth and survival......Page 211
11.3.3 Red body colour......Page 212
11.3.4 Cold resistance......Page 213 11.4
Gynogenesis, Androgenesis and
Cloning......Page 214 11.5
Triploidy......Page 215 11.7 Disease
Management......Page 217 11.8.2 Phytase
supplementation......Page 219 11.9.1
Effluent treatment and
management......Page 220 11.9.2 Tilapia
production in aquaponic systems......Page
221 11.10 Future Prospects......Page 222
12.2 Transfers and Introductions......Page
223 12.2.2 Impacts on native aquatic
species......Page 224 12.3.2
Inbreeding......Page 225 12.4 Farm
Effluents and Organic
Enrichments......Page 226 12.5 Bioactive
Compounds......Page 227 12.7.2 Effluent
management......Page 228 12.7.5 Removing
nutrients through aquaponic
systems......Page 230 12.8 Closing
Remarks......Page 231 References......Page
232
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