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درباره این کتاب:
Much has been
written on marine fishing and the
migratory eel and salmon. Less attention
has focused on the obligate freshwater
species, primarily the native pike, perch,
cyprinids and introduced species of which
the most significant is carp. Their
exploitation by man has changed from food
to sport more dramatically in England and
the British Isles than in Europe. They
have also been used as elite statements,
symbols of lineage, in religion and art.
Much of the early evidence is confined to
fish bones from archaeological sites and
indicators of diet from isotopic analyses
of human bones. From the Medieval period
these data sources are increasingly
complemented and ultimately superseded by
documentary sources and material culture.
The bones are relatively few from
prehistoric contexts and mostly food
waste. In the Mesolithic the bones are
largely marine from middens on Scottish
coasts, while early farmers apparently ate
few fish of any type. Examples from
European prehistoric sites demonstrate
other cultural attitudes to fish. Both
marine and freshwater fish bones are more
numerous from Roman sites. There are
regional and site type differences, but
Roman influence appears to have increased
fish consumption, though obligate
freshwater species remain relatively few.
The first evidence is seen for fishponds,
probably ornamental. Angling was a noted
sport elsewhere in the Empire, but there
is no evidence in Britain. In Saxon
England the exploitation and management of
waterways and the beginnings of the
privatization of the landscape, included
enclosure of waters as fish stores. This
previewed an elite practice of the
Medieval period in which landscape
features and documentary evidence
demonstrate the importance of pond systems
among a small section of elite medieval
society and for whom these fish were an
important part of feast and fast food and
gift exchange. However quantitatively
marine fish had dominated the fish supply
from the late 10th century. The first
documentary evidence for freshwater
angling in England appears in the Medieval
period, revealing an established sport
through an oral tradition. The arrival of
the common carp, in the 14th century,
marks a change in pond culture, it soon
became the favorite fish. By the early
modern period freshwater fish are in slow
decline on the table, though landscape
water features evolve in style. The
popularity of angling is reflected in the
growing commercialization of tackle and
angling books initially marketed at
gentlemen of means. The industrialization
and urbanization of the 18th and 19th
centuries created a new landless, ‘working
class’ with whom coarse fishing became
synonymous and came to represent a social
divide with fly fishing viewed as more
elite. Freshwater fish were never to
revive as a table fish, but were ever
popular as sport. Record carp have become
the quest for many specimen anglers
practicing catch-and-release, more
prevalent in Britain than Europe. The
development of coarse angling reflects
social and cultural changes in society in
England at many levels.
■ در این کتاب چه
میخوانیم:
1. Prehistoric Mists
2. AD 43–400+. ‘What did the Romans ever
do for us’?
3. AD 400−1066. Pagans and Christians
4. AD 1066–1538. Catholics to Protestants
5. AD 1535–1740s. Reformation to r
evolution
6. AD 1740s–1860s. The first Industrial
Revolution
7. AD 1860–1952. Fair play
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