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In the past few decades, marine organisms, including macroalgae and microalgae, have been extensively explored as potential sources of bioactive compounds with applications in various fields such as pharmaceuticals, biomedicine, cosmetics and foodstuffs. Marine polysaccharides, such as chitin/chitosan, ulvans, fucans, alginates and carrageenans, are biochemical compounds with several important properties such as anticoagulant and/or antithrombotic, immunomodulatory, antitumor, antilipidemic, hypoglycemic, antibiotic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Due to their biocompatible, nontoxic and biodegradable nature, marine polysaccharides offer a better alternative to be used in advancement of the biomedical field. This book focuses on marine polysaccharides; their derivatives, blends, composites and hydrogels; and their multifaceted applications in various fields. The book also discusses the various aspects of marine polysaccharides from the point of view of chemistry and related applications. It is an important reference for marine biotechnologists, natural product scientists, students, researchers and academicians working in the area of materials science, marine science and polymer chemistry.  Read more...
Abstract: In the past few decades, marine organisms, including macroalgae and microalgae, have been extensively explored as potential sources of bioactive compounds with applications in various fields such as pharmaceuticals, biomedicine, cosmetics and foodstuffs. Marine polysaccharides, such as chitin/chitosan, ulvans, fucans, alginates and carrageenans, are biochemical compounds with several important properties such as anticoagulant and/or antithrombotic, immunomodulatory, antitumor, antilipidemic, hypoglycemic, antibiotic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Due to their biocompatible, nontoxic and biodegradable nature, marine polysaccharides offer a better alternative to be used in advancement of the biomedical field. This book focuses on marine polysaccharides; their derivatives, blends, composites and hydrogels; and their multifaceted applications in various fields. The book also discusses the various aspects of marine polysaccharides from the point of view of chemistry and related applications. It is an important reference for marine biotechnologists, natural product scientists, students, researchers and academicians working in the area of materials science, marine science and polymer chemistry

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1: Marine Polysaccharides: An Overview 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Sources 1.3 Modification 1.3.1 Blending 1.3.2 Chemical Modification 1.3.3 Hydrophobic Modification 1.3.4 Depolymerisation 1.3.5 Sulphation 1.4 Types of Marine Polysaccharides 1.4.1 Chitosan 1.4.2 Chitin 1.4.3 Carrageenan 1.4.4 Fucoidan 1.4.5 Alginate 1.4.6 Mauran 1.4.7 Ulvan 1.4.8 Agarose 1.4.9 Porphyran 1.5 Conclusions 2: Marine Microbial Polysaccharides: Promising lmmunomodulatory and Anticancer Potential 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Sources of Marine Microbial Polysaccharides and Their Structures2.2.1 Marine Bacterial Polysaccharides 2.2.2 Marine Fungal Polysaccharides 2.2.3 Marine Microalgal Polysaccharides 2.3 lmmunoenhancing and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Marine Microbial Polysaccharides 2.3.1 Macrophage Activation 2.4 Effects of Marine Microbial Polysaccharides on T-, B-, DC and NK Cells 2.4.1 Anti-Inflammatory Properties 2.5 Anticancer and Cancer-Preventive Properties of Marine Microbial Polysaccharides 2.5.1 Direct Anticancer Properties 2.5.2 Cancer-Preventive Properties 2.6 Conclusions and Perspectives3: Carrageenans: Structure, Properties and Applications 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Sources and Extraction 3.3 Structure and Properties 3.4 Applications 3.4.1 Food Applications 3.4.2 Pharmaceuticals Applications 3.4.3 Drug Delivery Systems 3.4.4 Others Applications 3.5 Conclusions 4: Chitosan: A Versatile Biomaterial for the 21st Century 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Chitosan from Crustaceans 4.3 Physicochemical Properties of Chitosan 4.3.1 Degree of Acetylation 4.3.1.1 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy 4.3.1.2 UV spectrometry 4.3.1.3 Nuclear magnetic resonance4.3.1.4 Conductometry 4.3.1.5 X-ray diffraction 4.3.2 Molecular Weight 4.3.2.1 Mass spectrometry 4.3.3 Persistence Chain Length 4.3.4 Solubility 4.3.5 Chitosan Oligosacharrides 4.4 Modification of Chitosan 4.5 Methods for Preparation of Chitosan-Based Nanoparticles 4.5.1 Ionic Gelation Method 4.5.2 Emulsion Cross-Linking Method 4.5.3 Reverse Micellar Method 4.5.4 Chitin and Chitosan Nanofibres 4.6 Applications of Chitosan 4.6.1 Treatment of Industrial Effluents 4.6.2 Dye Equilibrium Constants 4.6.3 Antibacterial Activity 4.6.4 Drug Delivery 4.6.5 Vaccines4.6.6 Gene Delivery 4.6.7 Tissue Engineering 4.6.8 Wound Healing 4.6.9 Hydrogels 4.6.10 Agriculture 4.7 Conclusion 5: Chitosan and Its Biomedical Applications 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Marine Sources of Chitosan 5.2.1 Shell Wastes of Crustaceans 5.2.2 Molluscs 5.2.3 Insects 5.2.4 Fungi 5.3 Purification of Chitosan from Chitin 5.3.1 Demineralisation 5.3.2 Deproteination 5.3.3 Deacetylation 5.4 Properties of Chitosan 5.4.1 Chemical Properties 5.4.2 Biological Properties 5.5 Characterisation of Chitosan

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